Welcome to the Australian Ford Forums forum.

You are currently viewing our boards as a guest which gives you limited access to view most discussions and inserts advertising. By joining our free community you will have access to post topics, communicate privately with other members, respond to polls, upload content and access many other special features without post based advertising banners. Registration is simple and absolutely free so please, join our community today!

If you have any problems with the registration process or your account login, please contact us.

Please Note: All new registrations go through a manual approval queue to keep spammers out. This is checked twice each day so there will be a delay before your registration is activated.

Go Back   Australian Ford Forums > General Topics > Non Ford Related Community Forums > The Bar

The Bar For non Automotive Related Chat

Reply
 
Thread Tools Display Modes
Old 09-10-2006, 05:22 PM   #1
T_Terror
The Guy You Love To Hate
 
Join Date: Jan 2005
Location: Vic
Posts: 1,203
Default North Korea conducts nuclear test

Looks like they did it.

Something definitely went wrong because they seemed to be gearing up to milk their threat for all it was worth.

Those North Koreans are pretty jumpy, this could easily turn into a 2nd Korean War.


http://www.theage.com.au/news/nation...246054484.html

T_Terror is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 09-10-2006, 05:26 PM   #2
4.9 EF Futura
Official AFF conservative
 
4.9 EF Futura's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2004
Location: Adelaide, SA
Posts: 3,549
Default

Economic and trade restrictions are never going to have much of a sway in trying to influence a crazy man like kimmy.

He obviously cares little for his people. No matter what you do to the country, it would never deter him from chasing his nuclear ambitions.

Feel sorry for the people of North Korea more than anyone.
__________________
A cup half empty... but full of euphoria.
4.9 EF Futura is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 09-10-2006, 05:33 PM   #3
red_hotxr6
Banned
 
red_hotxr6's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: brisbane
Posts: 2,039
Default

He is not thinking about the welfare of his people and his country. But i am willing to bet that he has all the luxuries that the sweat of his people can provide for him.And again we have the other main countries like Russia,china,germany, france etc not really saying anything, they are not standing up like the U.S.A are and saying enough is enough.What is wrong with these countries arent they part of the united nations, why is it that the U.S.A has to handle the big stick every time, dont these countries have any backbone.?
red_hotxr6 is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 09-10-2006, 05:40 PM   #4
MX837M-GE
Starter Motor
 
Join Date: Oct 2005
Location: SE Melbourne
Posts: 15
Default

China is talking. If anything they are more ****ed than anyone else!
MX837M-GE is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 09-10-2006, 06:00 PM   #5
TUF_302
The Vengeful One
Donating Member1
 
TUF_302's Avatar
 
Join Date: Apr 2006
Location: Tazzy
Posts: 12,765
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by MX837M-GE
China is talking. If anything they are more ****ed than anyone else!
And theres alot of them to be ****ed off!!
__________________
TUF_302 is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 09-10-2006, 05:44 PM   #6
05MkIIFutura
SV6000. Yum
 
05MkIIFutura's Avatar
 
Join Date: Aug 2006
Posts: 846
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by red_hotxr6
And again we have the other main countries like Russia,china,germany, france etc not really saying anything, ....What is wrong with these countries.....why is it that the U.S.A has to handle the big stick every time, dont these countries have any backbone.?
While the US is still the world power they can afford to get up and have a tiss about the fact that someone is playing around with nuclear materials. Smaller countries who know they are still at odds if they put someone offside can either a) kiss some yanky *** (ie australia) , or b) sit back and try to stay out of any political mess that may generate if anyone dares disagrees with the yanks

Thats my opinion anyway, i am sure i will get flamed for that :
05MkIIFutura is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 09-10-2006, 05:57 PM   #7
red_hotxr6
Banned
 
red_hotxr6's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: brisbane
Posts: 2,039
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by 05MkIIFutura
While the US is still the world power they can afford to get up and have a tiss about the fact that someone is playing around with nuclear materials. Smaller countries who know they are still at odds if they put someone offside can either a) kiss some yanky *** (ie australia) , or b) sit back and try to stay out of any political mess that may generate if anyone dares disagrees with the yanks

Thats my opinion anyway, i am sure i will get flamed for that :
I hear what you are saying, but really if little country X gets up and disses N.K for doing this and gets beaten on, you know the U.S.A will step in and help out.Australia is a big place but it does not have the military might of N.Korea by a long shot, do you think the U.S.A would allow that to happen, no way.Look at what happened in the west indies on Grenada, they were on there like white on rice.Even N.Z who wont allow American nuclear warships in their ports if any "thing " was to happen they would be in there as well. What i am getting at is that any one, small or large, should not be afraid to speak up as they know they have the backing of the united nations, especially the U.S.A.
red_hotxr6 is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 09-10-2006, 05:43 PM   #8
Pieoter
FF.Com.Au Hardcore
 
Join Date: Jan 2005
Posts: 792
Default

North Korea is already has heavy economic sanctions against it. Thats why they are starving. They developed the bomb for the same reason as France (To gain more influence)

In my opinion it don't care that NK has "the bomb" they havn't done anything agressive and know they will be beaten in a war. Look at it from their POV they are on the list of "rogue nations" which included Afghanistan and Iraq and what happened to both those countries? They got invaded despite it being Illegal under international law. So they developed the bomb as a deterant to being invaded. NK has not invaded or started a war unlike the US, UK, Australia, Israel etc in some time.

Id like to see food and economic aid being sent to NK in exchange for the destuction of the Atomic weapon program and return of UN inspectors to the atomic power plants.
__________________
COLORADO RED FIESTA ZETEC
MODS - Window Tint, Bmc Panel Filter, Euro Plates, Ghia grill, Momo F16 leather gearknob, Momo Leather gearboot, WQ Zetec Front sway bar, WQ Zetec Sway bar links, WQ Zetec bushes.
ICE - Alpine CDA9827, MbQuart Reference 6.5inch splits, MbQuart Reference rears, Rockford Fosgate Punch Stage 3 12inch Sub, Rockford Fosgate P4004 + P3001.
Pieoter is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 09-10-2006, 06:03 PM   #9
XR Martin
FF.Com.Au Hardcore
 
XR Martin's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2004
Location: Canberra Region
Posts: 9,005
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Pieoter
Look at it from their POV they are on the list of "rogue nations" which included Afghanistan and Iraq and what happened to both those countries? They got invaded despite it being Illegal under international law. So they developed the bomb as a deterant to being invaded. NK has not invaded or started a war unlike the US, UK, Australia, Israel etc in some time.
Since when was the Afghanistan Invasion 'illegal under International Law' Pretty much the whole World supported, and so did the UN. So please stop spewing crap.

Iraq is a different matter
__________________
2016 FGX XR8 Sprint, 6speed manual, Kinetic Blue #170

2004 BA wagon RTV project.

1998 EL XR8, Auto, Hot Chilli Red

1993 ED XR6, 5speed, Polynesian Green. 1 of 329. Retired

1968 XT Falcon 500 wagon, 3 on the tree, 3.6L. Patina project.
XR Martin is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 09-10-2006, 08:32 PM   #10
ED Classic
FF.Com.Au Hardcore
 
Join Date: Jul 2005
Posts: 1,119
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Pieoter
North Korea is already has heavy economic sanctions against it. Thats why they are starving. They developed the bomb for the same reason as France (To gain more influence)

In my opinion it don't care that NK has "the bomb" they havn't done anything agressive and know they will be beaten in a war. Look at it from their POV they are on the list of "rogue nations" which included Afghanistan and Iraq and what happened to both those countries? They got invaded despite it being Illegal under international law. So they developed the bomb as a deterant to being invaded. NK has not invaded or started a war unlike the US, UK, Australia, Israel etc in some time.

Id like to see food and economic aid being sent to NK in exchange for the destuction of the Atomic weapon program and return of UN inspectors to the atomic power plants.
Agree with Martin on your first 2 paragraphs, Just spewin crap.

Interested why you dont mention in your third paragraph that thats vitually what the US has been trying to do for years? Its either cause you cant see past yourself and your view or you fail to acknowlege the US goes about things the right way before they need to act on solve a very dangerous problem.
ED Classic is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 09-10-2006, 09:33 PM   #11
Homer1
FF.Com.Au Hardcore
 
Homer1's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2005
Location: Melbourne
Posts: 500
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Pieoter
NK has not invaded or started a war unlike the US, UK, Australia, Israel etc in some time.
LOL!! Ever heard of the Korean War? Maybe do a little research B4 posting crap to avoid looking stupid!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_war
Homer1 is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 13-10-2006, 09:46 PM   #12
toastyanana
Regular Member
 
Join Date: May 2005
Location: The Gong
Posts: 102
Default NK and the bomb

Quote:
Originally Posted by Pieoter
North Korea is already has heavy economic sanctions against it. Thats why they are starving. They developed the bomb for the same reason as France (To gain more influence)

In my opinion it don't care that NK has "the bomb" they havn't done anything agressive and know they will be beaten in a war. Look at it from their POV they are on the list of "rogue nations" which included Afghanistan and Iraq and what happened to both those countries? They got invaded despite it being Illegal under international law. So they developed the bomb as a deterant to being invaded. NK has not invaded or started a war unlike the US, UK, Australia, Israel etc in some time.

Id like to see food and economic aid being sent to NK in exchange for the destuction of the Atomic weapon program and return of UN inspectors to the atomic power plants.
You would like to see aid sent to NK well if you heard the press conference from Alexander Downer you would realise we are continuing with our Aid (personally lets help our homeless etc first) NK have threatened if sanctions take place they will declare it as a act of war and start retallitory strikes now they are only just developing the bomb but the aim to develop it to be able to strike anywhere on this planet of ours that includes Aust as far as us invading any country i think you need to check your facts we are part of a multinational force sanctioned by the UN Yes the US does seem to play world police but someone has to have the balls to do it if they dont well lets all go out and buy big blocks to put in our cars because we wont have much time to worry about fuel prices and the like anyway thats my 2 cents worth and what would i know only spent the last 20 years fighting for our rights so you can enjoy your life
If you would like to take this further just pm me and i will gladly give you some facts that may shock you
mind you they could do wonders for our uranium industry (jokes)
__________________
XY ute
XY Wagon
Harley
toastyanana is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 13-10-2006, 09:51 PM   #13
MO
FF.Com.Au Hardcore
 
MO's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2004
Location: QLD
Posts: 4,446
Default

toastyanana...simmer sport remember the Secrets Act.
__________________
FORD RULES OK

The more I know ppl the more I love my DOGS.
2011 SY Territory Limited Edition TS
2000 AUII SE ute IL6
MO is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 13-10-2006, 10:06 PM   #14
toastyanana
Regular Member
 
Join Date: May 2005
Location: The Gong
Posts: 102
Default Simmer

Quote:
Originally Posted by MO
toastyanana...simmer sport remember the Secrets Act.
That was simmer lol evreything mentioned there is unclass and can all be found in the media
__________________
XY ute
XY Wagon
Harley
toastyanana is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 13-10-2006, 10:12 PM   #15
MO
FF.Com.Au Hardcore
 
MO's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2004
Location: QLD
Posts: 4,446
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by toastyanana
That was simmer lol evreything mentioned there is unclass and can all be found in the media

OK I'll bite which arm and branch did you serve in?
__________________
FORD RULES OK

The more I know ppl the more I love my DOGS.
2011 SY Territory Limited Edition TS
2000 AUII SE ute IL6
MO is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 09-10-2006, 06:01 PM   #16
gtfpv
GT
 
gtfpv's Avatar
 
Join Date: Apr 2005
Location: SYDNEY
Posts: 9,205
Default

anything i conclude would only be a guess. what would i know. do we have nuclear weapons? i dont even know that.
gtfpv is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 09-10-2006, 06:55 PM   #17
4.9 EF Futura
Official AFF conservative
 
4.9 EF Futura's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2004
Location: Adelaide, SA
Posts: 3,549
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by gtfpv
anything i conclude would only be a guess. what would i know. do we have nuclear weapons? i dont even know that.
Nah, but we've got a mate outside who'll back us up

Quote:
What i am getting at is that any one, small or large, should not be afraid to speak up as they know they have the backing of the united nations, especially the U.S.A.
Agreed. But for such a "little" country, NK is one of those places that the west wont be starting fights with any time soon.

Standing army is estimated at 1.1mil... or the 4th largest in the world. With 4.7 million in reserve (compare to the US with 1.5 mil active troops and 1.2 mil in reserve).

This is not like imposing the UN's will on a country like Afghanistan or Iraq. NK have the capacity to fight back, with force.
__________________
A cup half empty... but full of euphoria.
4.9 EF Futura is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 09-10-2006, 07:16 PM   #18
Sapper
Back to the AU
 
Sapper's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jul 2006
Location: Sydney
Posts: 485
Default

Lets just hope that the UN will do something useful. Sometimes they seem more occupied with trying to not offend anyone rather than making useful decisions. Team America puts it eloquently...
__________________
2001 Ford AUIII Falcon XR8 Manual - Can't get enough of the AU
2001 VW Bora V6 4Motion - If I squint it almost looks like a Sierra Cosworth
Sapper is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 09-10-2006, 07:39 PM   #19
SSBUB
SSuper SSpy
 
SSBUB's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2005
Location: WA
Posts: 607
Default

team america! **** Yeah!
gold hahaha
SSBUB is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 09-10-2006, 08:27 PM   #20
05MkIIFutura
SV6000. Yum
 
05MkIIFutura's Avatar
 
Join Date: Aug 2006
Posts: 846
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by 4.9 EF Futura
Agreed. But for such a "little" country, NK is one of those places that the west wont be starting fights with any time soon.

Standing army is estimated at 1.1mil... or the 4th largest in the world. With 4.7 million in reserve (compare to the US with 1.5 mil active troops and 1.2 mil in reserve).

This is not like imposing the UN's will on a country like Afghanistan or Iraq. NK have the capacity to fight back, with force.

One thing u are forgetting is that wars are not faught with manpower anymore, he with airplanes and trans-continental missiles shall be the winner (considering that the US has over half of the worlds fighter jets, that makes them somewhat, um, favourites!!)

That is one thing that gives Australia some degree of security, the fact that we have a good deal of ocean between us and our nearest (unfortuneately unstable) neighbours. We can rely on having a relatively small (but very suitable) fleet of war machines can defend us against any vessels required to move troops. We should be very grateful for that.
05MkIIFutura is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 09-10-2006, 08:51 PM   #21
ED Classic
FF.Com.Au Hardcore
 
Join Date: Jul 2005
Posts: 1,119
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by 05MkIIFutura
One thing u are forgetting is that wars are not faught with manpower anymore, he with airplanes and trans-continental missiles shall be the winner (considering that the US has over half of the worlds fighter jets, that makes them somewhat, um, favourites!!)

That is one thing that gives Australia some degree of security, the fact that we have a good deal of ocean between us and our nearest (unfortuneately unstable) neighbours. We can rely on having a relatively small (but very suitable) fleet of war machines can defend us against any vessels required to move troops. We should be very grateful for that.
Yeah I was going to write the same thing. The jets and bombs can even out the numbers pretty fast. 20-30 Aircraft carriers can ship over a bloody lot of jets. All the troops in the world is going to have trouble beating a massive number of Destroyers spaced out shooting missles 1000 miles and landing them within 50cm of where they are aimed.

I think the US realise this war would take more innocent lives than the Iraq, Afgan wars so they are hesitant because of this to give them credit. Its not that they are worried. They can sit 1000 miles out and bomb for 5 years without sending troops in if thats what they want to do. Of course they can drop the magnetic bombs that wipe out all electricity if they want to or the bombs with concentrated endorphine gas that just makes every one in the vicinity just start having sex and care about nothing else including fighting the war. Then theres the invention from an Australian guy they bought which is a laser bullet firing machine gun that shoots in excess of 100,000 rounds per minute. And thats just the stuff we know about :Up_to_som :evilsasmo
ED Classic is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 10-10-2006, 01:09 PM   #22
4.9 EF Futura
Official AFF conservative
 
4.9 EF Futura's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2004
Location: Adelaide, SA
Posts: 3,549
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by 05MkIIFutura
One thing u are forgetting is that wars are not faught with manpower anymore, he with airplanes and trans-continental missiles shall be the winner (considering that the US has over half of the worlds fighter jets, that makes them somewhat, um, favourites!!)
This is true... wars are not fought with manpower - but how are they "won"?

Case in point... Iraq. The country was softened and invaded with planes and tanks. But there's a lot of coalition troops dying on the ground now.

It's the occupation where troop counts actually mean something. Let's face it... you dont blow the hell out of a country and then fly home. No - you put men on the ground and you occupy it.

And its been a while since someone tried to occupy a country with a million man standing army.

I dont see anyone firing shots at NK for some time....
__________________
A cup half empty... but full of euphoria.
4.9 EF Futura is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 09-10-2006, 06:11 PM   #23
The Monty
Just slidin'
 
The Monty's Avatar
 
Join Date: Sep 2005
Location: Brisvegas
Posts: 7,791
Default

Pretty scary stuff.
__________________
MD Mondeo - For the family
NP Pajero - For the adventure
The Monty is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 09-10-2006, 06:19 PM   #24
blueoval
Critical Thinker
 
blueoval's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2005
Location: Adelaide
Posts: 20,378
Valued Contributor: For members whose non technical contributions are worthy of recognition. - Issue reason: Well thought out and constructive posts.  A real credit to this forum. 
Default

This is going to open up a BIG can of worms.
__________________
"the greatest trick the devil pulled, is convincing the world he doesn't exist"

2022 Mazda CX5 GTSP Turbo

2018 Hyundai Santa Fe Highlander


1967 XR FALCON 500


Cars previously owned:
2021 Subaru Outback Sport
2018 Subaru XV-S
2012 Subaru Forester X
2007 Subaru Liberty GT
2001 AU2 75th Anniversary Futura
2001 Subaru GX wagon
1991 EB XR8
1977 XC Fairmont
1990 EA S Pak
1984 XE S Pak
1982 ZJ Fairlane
1983 XE Fairmont
1989 EA Falcon
1984 Datsun Bluebird Wagon
1975 Honda Civic
blueoval is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 09-10-2006, 08:34 PM   #25
05MkIIFutura
SV6000. Yum
 
05MkIIFutura's Avatar
 
Join Date: Aug 2006
Posts: 846
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by blueoval
This is going to open up a BIG can of worms.
ha ha, I agree. Just wait till some redneck gets on here and suggests we shoudl stop f%^cking around and just get WWIII over and done with (and take out a few other nations while we are at it)

Oh dear!!
05MkIIFutura is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 09-10-2006, 06:23 PM   #26
gtfpv
GT
 
gtfpv's Avatar
 
Join Date: Apr 2005
Location: SYDNEY
Posts: 9,205
Default

flappist will have something to say about this . flap flap flap.
gtfpv is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 09-10-2006, 07:26 PM   #27
steharz
Banned
 
Join Date: Jul 2005
Posts: 114
Default

since when was the US made policeman of the world.i can understand countries like Iran and n Korea not listening to there threats.
i for one am sick to death of the US thinking they rule the world and thinking its ok for them to have nuclear weapons but when another country arms itself they try to beat them down.
everyone to there own and if they are stupid enough to use these weapons they will cop the consequences
steharz is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 09-10-2006, 07:46 PM   #28
Sapper
Back to the AU
 
Sapper's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jul 2006
Location: Sydney
Posts: 485
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by steharz
since when was the US made policeman of the world.i can understand countries like Iran and n Korea not listening to there threats.
i for one am sick to death of the US thinking they rule the world and thinking its ok for them to have nuclear weapons but when another country arms itself they try to beat them down.
everyone to there own and if they are stupid enough to use these weapons they will cop the consequences
Consider this, both iran and nth k has openly expressed their interest in what they describe as "wiping japan/israel off the map" (or similar). This is concerning. Lets say nth k decide to nuke japan. Apart from there being a huge number of fatalities, you will no longer be able to purchase japanese components for just about anything. They wont be making electronics for you when they're fighting a war. Considering that the vast majority of electronic components and other goods come from that region of the world, letting nth k start a war might just be a bad idea, and it will affect you in some way.
Consider this, imagine if Hitler was stopped before he marched froces out of Germany. Consider how many lives could have been potentially saved. This is the train of thought that the US has at the moment. China, Japan, Russia, Sth Korea and the whole UN have the same train of thought as the US.
How would you feel if Indonesia decided that they wanted to get rid of australia and announced it had the nuclear capability to do it.
__________________
2001 Ford AUIII Falcon XR8 Manual - Can't get enough of the AU
2001 VW Bora V6 4Motion - If I squint it almost looks like a Sierra Cosworth
Sapper is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 09-10-2006, 08:04 PM   #29
XR Martin
FF.Com.Au Hardcore
 
XR Martin's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2004
Location: Canberra Region
Posts: 9,005
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by steharz
since when was the US made policeman of the world.i can understand countries like Iran and n Korea not listening to there threats.
i for one am sick to death of the US thinking they rule the world and thinking its ok for them to have nuclear weapons but when another country arms itself they try to beat them down.
everyone to there own and if they are stupid enough to use these weapons they will cop the consequences
How about WWII and the subsequent Cold War, thats what put the US as the Worlds 'police'.
They also supply more foreign Aid than anybody else, so I think that gives them some say in how things should be run shouldnt they?

We'd much rather the US in this position than Japan, Germany or Russia wouldnt we!
__________________
2016 FGX XR8 Sprint, 6speed manual, Kinetic Blue #170

2004 BA wagon RTV project.

1998 EL XR8, Auto, Hot Chilli Red

1993 ED XR6, 5speed, Polynesian Green. 1 of 329. Retired

1968 XT Falcon 500 wagon, 3 on the tree, 3.6L. Patina project.
XR Martin is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 09-10-2006, 08:22 PM   #30
ED Classic
FF.Com.Au Hardcore
 
Join Date: Jul 2005
Posts: 1,119
Default

I agree with Red Hot Xr6, Hot Xr6, and Xr6 Martin.
ED Classic is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Reply


Forum Jump


All times are GMT +11. The time now is 09:44 AM.


Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.5
Copyright ©2000 - 2024, Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd.
Other than what is legally copyrighted by the respective owners, this site is copyright www.fordforums.com.au
Positive SSL